In particular, many of the challenges facing Wi-Fi/Cellular integration have to do with realizing a complete intelligent network selection solution that allows operators to steer traffic in a manner that maximizes user experience and addresses some of the challenges at the boundaries between RATs (2G, 3G, LTE and Wi-Fi).Here is the paper:
Figure 1 (see above) below illustrates four of the key challenges at the Wi-Fi/Cellular boundary.
1) Premature Wi-Fi Selection: As devices with Wi-Fi enabled move into Wi-Fi coverage, they reselect to Wi-Fi without comparative evaluation of existing cellular and incoming Wi-Fi capabilities. This can result in degradation of end user experience due to premature reselection to Wi-Fi. Real time throughput based traffic steering can be used to mitigate this.
2) Unhealthy choices: In a mixed wireless network of LTE, HSPA and Wi-Fi, reselection may occur to a strong Wi-Fi network, which is under heavy load. The resulting ‘unhealthy’ choice results in a degradation of end user experience as performance on the cell edge of a lightly loaded cellular network may be superior to performance close to a heavily loaded Wi-Fi AP. Real time load based traffic steering can be used to mitigate this.
3) Lower capabilities: In some cases, reselection to a strong Wi-Fi AP may result in reduced performance (e.g. if the Wi-Fi AP is served by lower bandwidth in the backhaul than the cellular base station presently serving the device). Evaluation of criteria beyond wireless capabilities prior to access selection can be used to mitigate this.
4) Ping-Pong: This is an example of reduced end user experience due to ping-ponging between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses. This could be a result of premature Wi-Fi selection and mobility in a cellular environment with signal strengths very similar in both access types. Hysteresis concepts used in access selection similar to cellular IRAT, applied between Wi-Fi and cellular accesses can be used to mitigate this.
The finding placed mobile ahead of laptops or PCs (chosen by 30.6 per cent) and way ahead of TV (12.4 per cent) as the first and most important screen in the lives of people between the ages of 18 and 34.
Just 5.8 per cent of those surveyed in the age group chose a tablet as their "first screen".
The research also found that 45 per cent of 18- to 34-year-olds consider their mobile their first choice of device when interacting with online content, placing the platform just ahead of laptops and PCs, which scored 43 per cent.
Among the wider 18 to 55 age group surveyed, a PC or laptop was seen as the "first screen" with 39.8 per cent naming either computer as their most important screen, while smartphones came second on 28 per cent.
TV was in third place with 27 per cent of people naming it as their most important screen. Five per cent of the total group said they considered a tablet their "first screen".
Only a quarter of the 18 to 55 age group said mobile would be their first choice platform if they wanted to access the internet, while nearly two thirds preferred to use a PC or laptop.Tomi Ahonen has always been referring to Mobile as the 7th Mass Media.
5G, the way forward! Mario Campolargo, Director, Net Futures, DG Connect, European Commission | A new initiative 5GPPP, to accelerate and structure research & innovation."...Industry to co-create the "vision" and build global convergence by end 2015. |
Who needs 5G? Hans D. Schotten, University of Kaiserslautern | |
Why 5G? Rahim Tafazolli, Director of CCSR and 5GIC, The university of Surrey | |
The 5G mobile and wireless communications system Afif Osseiran, Project Coordinator of METIS | |
Next generation wireless for a cognitive & energy-efficient future Nigel Jefferies, Wireless World Research Forum Chairman | |
3GPP Radio Access Network : Rel-12 and beyond Dino Flore, 3GPP RAN Chairman | 3GPP RAN has started a new innovation cycle which will be shaping next generation cellular systems |
Spectrum for 5G, a big deal? Jens Zander, KTH, Royal Institute of Technology | A World Divided - The coverage world versus the capacity world |
Opportunities for TV services over future mobile networks Nick Wells, Chairman Technical Module, DVB | Can broadcasters and mobile industry cooperate to define a new worldwide standard that will benefit both broadcasters and mobile industry? |
3GPP core network & services evolution Atle Monrad, 3GPP CT Chairman | Architecture evolution, More new nodes, CS-domain removal?, new ways of design of networks? |
The impact of NFV on future mobile Uwe Janssen, Deutsche Telekom, lead delegate to Network Functions Virtualisation ISG | The challenge for Operators, Suppliers and Standards Bodies |
The tactile internet - Driving 5G Gerhard Fettweis, Technical University of Dresden | 3D Chip-Stacks & High-Rate Inter-Chip Communications, Monitoring / Sensing, Tactile internet - Latency Goals |
Summit conclusions Adrian Scrase, ETSI CTO, Head of 3GPP MCC | Includes the 'Standardization Challenges' raised by the Summit. |
